Modell av bröstkorgen: Ompröva standarder och referensmodeller

The Gendered Innovations project was asked by the European Commission to analyze several of its Framework Programme 7 (FP7) projects. This case study examines the "Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Thorax and Upper Extremities" (THOMO) project. We identify gendered innovations, methods of sex and gender analysis, and points of potential "value added."

The Challenge

Biofidelic models are critical tools in improving automobile occupant safety. They are used by engineers, manufacturers, and governmental agencies. The HUman MOdel for Safety (HUMOS-1), funded under the Fourth EC Framework Programme (FP4) from 1997 to 2000, was based on the study of a single male cadaver, representing "a 50th percentile seated man" (Pajon et al., 2002). HUMOS-2, funded under the Fifth EC Framework Programme (FP5) from 2002 to 2006, collected anthropometric data from humans of the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles of overall weight, which is more inclusive of lighter people (mostly women) and heavier people (mostly men) (Toma et al., Acart et al., 2009a; Dupont-Kerlan et al., 2006). Biofidelic models are often developed first for the 50th percentile man, excluding people who are significantly smaller or larger.

Method: Rethinking Standards and Reference Models

Models of the human body have long been based on the anthropometry of 50th percentile European and North American men (see Case Study: Pregnant Crash Test Dummies). Researchers are rethinking this standard and studying a wider range of women's and men's bodies in order to produce more advanced and representative human body models.

Gendered Innovations:

  1. Modeling Women's and Men's Thoraxes THOMO researchers are developing a model of the human thorax applicable to the majority of women and men.
  2. Consistent Biomechanical Testing across Female and Male Thoraxes

Potential Value Added to Future Research through the Application of Gendered Innovations Methods:

  1. 1. Studying the Effects of Age and Menopausal Status on Thoracic Bone Architecture
  2. 2. Including Geographically Diverse Populations
  3. 3. Modeling Breast Tissue