Nanotechnology-Based Screening for HPV: Rethinking Research Priorities and Outcomes

Abstract

The Gendered Innovations project was asked by the European Commission to analyze several of its Framework Programme 7 (FP7) projects. This case study examines the "Enhanced Sensitivity Nanotechnology-Based Multiplexed Bioassay Platform for Diagnostic Applications" (NANO-MUBIOP) project. We identify gendered innovations, methods of sex and gender analysis, and points of potential "value added."

The Challenge

Infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) "is estimated to cause […] 100% of cervical cancer cases," and contributes to the incidence of other cancers affecting both women and men, including anal cancer, oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and cancers of the genitals (WHO, 2008b). Worldwide, cervical cancer causes about 275,000 deaths per year - 80% in countries with limited medical resources (Sankaranarayanan et al., 2012). Existing HPV tests offer good sensitivity and specificity, but are rarely used in developing countries due to cost (Cuzick et al., 2008). A low-cost, high-performance test could improve healthcare in developing countries.

Method: Rethinking Research Priorities and Outcomes

In designing a new diagnostic technology, the NANO-MUBIOP project prioritized characteristics that would encourage adoption in diverse low-resource areas, such as Latin America and the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, Melanesia, and South-Central and South-East Asia. These include technical characteristics - such as the ability to differentiate between specific types of HPV, which differ in epidemiology and oncogenicity - and practical, logistical characteristics - such as low overhead cost and simple implementation.

Gendered Innovations:

Developing a Low-Cost HPV Screening Test. NANO-MUBIOP seeks to develop a platform for inexpensive HPV testing.

Potential Value Added to Future Research through the Future Application of Gendered Innovations Methods

  1. Identifying potential users of the NANO-MUBIOP platform
  2. Understanding the causes of poor cervical cancer screening coverage